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56 credited sources — software, images, maps, and typefaces.

Credits & Sources

This site is built on work that other people made and shared. Some of it carries conditions we're obliged to honour; some of it is simply owed thanks. Both are listed here.

Who Made This

PL
Paul Levine
Project originator · family archivist · design lead
A retired graphic designer who ran Tangent Design. Two earlier projects share a thread with this one — Barbed Wire, a beloved 1990s Vancouver webzine, and Raising the Dead (2002), a Canada Council–funded interactive memorial for his brother Richard — whose files, decades later, turned out to hold the box of letters this whole project is built from. On this project: supplied the letters and family testimony, reviews and approves every reading, holds final editorial authority, and personally designed this entire site.
FM
Fernando Medrano
Creative technologist
A Vancouver-based creative technologist, roughly twenty-five years into building the systems behind creative work — a decade at Radical Entertainment, then directing the art of Glitch for the studio that became Slack, then founding studios of his own. On this project: created the architecture and machinery that turns a box of fragile, half-legible pages into a structured, searchable archive; the rules that keep that archive honest; and the system that gives the material shape and meaning, then narrative — and ultimately an engaging, living account. One rule is built into its bones: it can never present a guess as a fact.

Map data

The maps are drawn from openly-licensed data rather than pictures of maps. Two of these carry share-alike conditions, which is why they are named here and on the maps themselves.

OpenHistoricalMapODbL 1.0share-alike
The historical map tiles the journey maps are drawn from — street layouts, coastlines and terrain as they were, not as they are now.
© OpenHistoricalMap contributors (ODbL)
Historical BasemapsGPL-3.0share-alike
The period country and border outlines used when the detailed map can't be shown.
aourednik/historical-basemaps, licensed GPL-3.0

Software

The map on this site is drawn in your browser by these open-source libraries, served from this site rather than someone else's server so the pages keep working regardless of what happens elsewhere. The rest of this list is the tools used to build the site and do the actual research — transcription, translation, and the pipeline itself (see How This Was Made for the full account).

Draws the interactive maps.
© MapLibre contributors
PMTilesBSD 3-Clause
Lets a single map-tile file be read straight from this site, so the historical maps need no outside server.
© Protomaps
Filters the map to a chosen year, so a 1912 map shows 1912.
OpenHistoricalMap — released into the public domain (CC0-1.0); credited here by choice.
Counts visits to the site — how many people come and which pages they read. No cookies, no personal data, and nothing that identifies an individual reader.
GoatCounter — count.js by Martin Tournoij, ISC-licensed
TranskribusProprietary — commercial service
Handwriting-recognition model trained on real early-20th-century Yiddish script. It did the first pass at turning the letters' handwriting into text — the only tool trusted to read the Yiddish itself, precisely because it was measured against known pages.
ClaudeProprietary — commercial service
Did double duty: wrote the software (pipeline, honesty checks, the site itself) and did the interpretive work (translation, theme extraction, shaping the narrative). Never given the final word on what's true — a person confirms every reading.
GeminiProprietary — commercial service
A second, independent translator, used as a cross-check against Claude's readings — where the two agreed, that agreement carried more weight; it was never allowed to quietly overrule the primary reading.
ComfyUIlicence not yet verified
The local pipeline behind the site's AI-generated assets — already used for the ambient sound cue (see Sound, below); regenerating the illustrated portraits from recipes is planned next, so even the artwork stays reproducible rather than hand-made once and forgotten.

Typefaces

The lettering on this site.

SatoshiITF Free Font License (closed-source freeware)
Headings.
Deni Anggara, Indian Type Foundry — served via Fontshare's own CDN (self-hosting a copy requires ITF's written consent, which is why this site calls Fontshare's API rather than bundling the font file)
InterSIL Open Font License 1.1
Body text.
Rasmus Andersson, via Google Fonts
IBM Plex MonoSIL Open Font License 1.1
Dates, references and small print.
IBM, via Google Fonts

Sound

The music is optional — a toggle turns it off — and it is not a recording of the family. It was generated, not performed, and is credited here as such.

Ambient klezmer-inspired cueAI-generated — no third-party licence
The quiet instrumental music that can play behind the pages. AI-generated — a klezmer-inspired chamber piece (clarinet, violin, accordion, upright bass) meant to evoke the early-1900s Jewish immigrant world the letters come from, not a real recording from it.
Generated with ACE-Step v1.5 (XL) in ComfyUI by this site's creators.

Images and archival sources

Photographs and documents from the family archive, and the outside photographs used alongside them, are credited individually on this page. Where an image stands in for something we could not photograph, the page it appears on says so.

Canada News Today (The Daily News Now / DNN), episode dated 2026-08-09, "Letters from a Great-Grandfather's Struggle | Canada News" — an automated AI-generated news-summary podcast (its own episode notes: "This is an automated, high-level news summary based on public reporting"), synthesizing the Vancouver Sun/CBC coverage of this project. No stable public URL found for the episode (sources.thedn.ai link in the episode notes does not resolve); audio supplied by Paul, hosted here so it can actually be heard.Third-party AI-generated audio, reproduced here because no public URL exists to link to instead.
CBC Vancouver — On the Coast, 2026-08-06 broadcast segment with Gloria Macarenko, audio supplied by Paul.CBC/Radio-Canada broadcast content, reproduced here for direct listening alongside CBC's own official page.
CBC Kelowna — Radio West, 2026-08-06 broadcast segment, audio supplied by Paul.CBC/Radio-Canada broadcast content, reproduced here for direct listening alongside CBC's own official page.
Jewish Independent, 4 Sep 2026 print edition, "Reconstructing history: AI helps translate more than 100 letters from Yiddish" — photos of the two actual printed newspaper pages (p.11 and its continuation on p.27), supplied by Paul and merged into one PDF.Jewish Independent content, reproduced here so the article can be seen in its original print layout.
CBC/Radio-Canada official logo, sourced from cbc.ca and re-exported as a transparent PNG.Trademark of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation — reproduced editorially to identify the outlet, in the context of coverage this project received from it.
Delta Optimist wordmark, supplied by Paul (deltalogo.png) — the outlet's own site blocks direct fetch (Cloudflare), same as North Shore News/Richmond News.Trademark of Delta Optimist (Glacier Media) — reproduced editorially to identify the outlet, in the context of coverage this project received from it.
Jewish Independent (Vancouver) official wordmark, sourced from jewishindependent.ca and re-exported as a transparent PNG.Trademark of the Jewish Independent — reproduced editorially to identify the outlet, in the context of coverage this project received from it.
North Shore News badge, cropped from the outlet's own site header (visible in the 2026-08-13 coverage PDF) and re-exported as a transparent PNG.Trademark of North Shore News (Glacier Media) — reproduced editorially to identify the outlet, in the context of coverage this project received from it.
Richmond News wordmark, supplied by Paul (rmdnewslogonoweb.SVG, a vector export of the outlet's own logo) and rasterized/cropped to a transparent PNG — the outlet's own site blocks direct fetch, same as North Shore News's.Trademark of Richmond News (Glacier Media) — reproduced editorially to identify the outlet, in the context of coverage this project received from it.
The Source / La Source (Vancouver) official wordmark, sourced from thelasource.com.Trademark of The Source / La Source — reproduced editorially to identify the outlet, in the context of coverage this project received from it.
Vancouver Is Awesome wordmark, cropped from the outlet's own site header (visible in the 2026-08-13 coverage screenshot) and re-colored dark for use on a white card background — their live header renders it white-on-black.Trademark of Vancouver Is Awesome (Glacier Media) — reproduced editorially to identify the outlet, in the context of coverage this project received from it.
Vancouver Sun (Postmedia) official wordmark, sourced from vancouversun.com and re-exported as a transparent PNG.Trademark of Postmedia Network Inc. — reproduced editorially to identify the outlet, in the context of coverage this project received from it.
Web Curios wordmark, supplied by Paul (webcurious.png) and re-exported as a transparent PNG, background removed.Trademark of Web Curios (Matt Muir) — reproduced editorially to identify the outlet, in the context of coverage this project received from it.
The Vancouver Sun, "Not Forgotten" by Tim Carlson, December 2002 — a profile of Paul Levine and Raising the Dead, his earlier interactive memorial for his brother Richard. Photo credit: Stuart Davis/Vancouver Sun. Supplied by Paul from his own Desktop, 2026-08-09, as background/biographical reference material for his press-kit bio, which already cites this same 2002 project.Copyright The Vancouver Sun/Postmedia Network Inc. — reproduced here as personal archival/biographical reference, not as new coverage of this project.
Vancouver Sun, 8 Aug 2026, "Box of letters becomes a memorial, with a little help from AI" — a photo of the actual printed newspaper page, supplied by Paul.Vancouver Sun (Postmedia) content, reproduced here so the article can be seen in its original print layout.