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41 credited sources — software, images, maps, and typefaces.

Credits & Sources

This site is built on work that other people made and shared. Some of it carries conditions we're obliged to honour; some of it is simply owed thanks. Both are listed here.

Who Made This

PL
Paul Levine
Project originator · family archivist · design lead
A retired graphic designer who ran Tangent Design. Two earlier projects share a thread with this one — Barbed Wire, a beloved 1990s Vancouver webzine, and Raising the Dead (2002), a Canada Council–funded interactive memorial for his brother Richard — whose files, decades later, turned out to hold the box of letters this whole project is built from. On this project: supplied the letters and family testimony, reviews and approves every reading, holds final editorial authority, and personally designed this entire site.
FM
Fernando Medrano
Creative technologist
A Vancouver-based creative technologist, roughly twenty-five years into building the systems behind creative work — a decade at Radical Entertainment, then directing the art of Glitch for the studio that became Slack, then founding studios of his own. On this project: created the architecture and machinery that turns a box of fragile, half-legible pages into a structured, searchable archive; the rules that keep that archive honest; and the system that gives the material shape and meaning, then narrative — and ultimately an engaging, living account. One rule is built into its bones: it can never present a guess as a fact.

Map data

The maps are drawn from openly-licensed data rather than pictures of maps. Two of these carry share-alike conditions, which is why they are named here and on the maps themselves.

OpenHistoricalMapODbL 1.0share-alike
The historical map tiles the journey maps are drawn from — street layouts, coastlines and terrain as they were, not as they are now.
© OpenHistoricalMap contributors (ODbL)
Historical BasemapsGPL-3.0share-alike
The period country and border outlines used when the detailed map can't be shown.
aourednik/historical-basemaps, licensed GPL-3.0

Software

The map on this site is drawn in your browser by these open-source libraries, served from this site rather than someone else's server so the pages keep working regardless of what happens elsewhere. The rest of this list is the tools used to build the site and do the actual research — transcription, translation, and the pipeline itself (see How This Was Made for the full account).

Draws the interactive maps.
© MapLibre contributors
PMTilesBSD 3-Clause
Lets a single map-tile file be read straight from this site, so the historical maps need no outside server.
© Protomaps
Filters the map to a chosen year, so a 1912 map shows 1912.
OpenHistoricalMap — released into the public domain (CC0-1.0); credited here by choice.
Counts visits to the site — how many people come and which pages they read. No cookies, no personal data, and nothing that identifies an individual reader.
GoatCounter — count.js by Martin Tournoij, ISC-licensed
TranskribusProprietary — commercial service
Handwriting-recognition model trained on real early-20th-century Yiddish script. It did the first pass at turning the letters' handwriting into text — the only tool trusted to read the Yiddish itself, precisely because it was measured against known pages.
ClaudeProprietary — commercial service
Did double duty: wrote the software (pipeline, honesty checks, the site itself) and did the interpretive work (translation, theme extraction, shaping the narrative). Never given the final word on what's true — a person confirms every reading.
GeminiProprietary — commercial service
A second, independent translator, used as a cross-check against Claude's readings — where the two agreed, that agreement carried more weight; it was never allowed to quietly overrule the primary reading.
ComfyUIlicence not yet verified
The local pipeline behind the site's AI-generated assets — already used for the ambient sound cue (see Sound, below); regenerating the illustrated portraits from recipes is planned next, so even the artwork stays reproducible rather than hand-made once and forgotten.

Typefaces

The lettering on this site.

Bricolage GrotesqueSIL Open Font License 1.1
Headings.
Mathieu Triay, via Google Fonts
InterSIL Open Font License 1.1
Body text.
Rasmus Andersson, via Google Fonts
IBM Plex MonoSIL Open Font License 1.1
Dates, references and small print.
IBM, via Google Fonts

Sound

The music is optional — a toggle turns it off — and it is not a recording of the family. It was generated, not performed, and is credited here as such.

Ambient klezmer-inspired cueAI-generated — no third-party licence
The quiet instrumental music that can play behind the pages. AI-generated — a klezmer-inspired chamber piece (clarinet, violin, accordion, upright bass) meant to evoke the early-1900s Jewish immigrant world the letters come from, not a real recording from it.
Generated with ACE-Step v1.5 (XL) in ComfyUI by this site's creators.

Images and archival sources

Photographs and documents from the family archive, and the outside photographs used alongside them, are credited individually on this page. Where an image stands in for something we could not photograph, the page it appears on says so.